Chapter 5
Electrowetting

5.1		Introduction
5.1.1		Electrowetting theory
5.1.2		Droplet manipulation using electrowetting
5.1.3		Digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for clinical diagnostics
5.2		Digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip design
5.2.1		Fluidic input port
5.2.2		Liquid reservoirs
5.2.3		Droplet pathways
5.3		Materials
5.3.1		Chemicals
5.3.2		Fabrication materials
5.4		Device Fabrication
5.4.1.		Fabrication of single layer electrowetting chips
5.4.2		Fabrication of two layer electrowetting chips
5.4.3		Dielectric deposition
5.4.4		Fabrication of the top plate
5.4.5		Hydrophobic coating
5.5		Instrumentation and system assembly
5.5.1		Detection setup
5.5.2		System assembly
5.6		Methods
5.6.1		Automated glucose assays on-chip
5.6.2		Magnetic bead manipulation on-chip
5.6.3		Droplet-based immunoassay
5.7		Results and discussion
5.7.1		Testing of two layer electrowetting device
5.7.2		Automated glucose assay on-chip
5.7.3		Optimization of magnetic bead washing
5.8		Method challenges
5.9		Summary points
5.10		Acknowledgments, References

Chapter 6
Dielectrophoresis for Particle and Cell Manipulations

6.1		Introduction: Physical origins of DEP
6.2		Introduction: Theory of dielectrophoresis
6.2.1		Limiting assumptions and typical experimental conditions
6.3		Materials: Equipment for generating electric field nonuniformities and DEP forces
6.3.1		Electric field frequency
6.3.2		Electric field phase
6.3.3		Geometry
6.4		Methods: Data acquisition, anticipated results, and interpretation
6.4.1		General considerations for dielectrophoretic devices
6.4.2		Electrode-based dielectrophoresis
6.4.3		Insulative dielectrophoresis
6.4.4		Summary of experimental parameters
6.5		Troubleshooting
6.6		Application notes
6.6.1		Particle trapping
6.6.2		Particle sorting and fractionation
6.6.3		Single-particle trapping
6.6.4		References

Previous Chapter | Next Chapter